In Salesforce, unit tests are methods within classes that verify the functionality of Apex code. They ensure that individual pieces of code, like methods and triggers, behave as expected, both in positive and negative scenarios. These tests are crucial for maintaining code quality and ensuring smooth long-term development.
Key aspects of Salesforce unit tests:
Verification: Unit tests validate that specific code sections are working correctly.
Isolation: They are designed to test individual units of code in isolation, without interacting with the database or sending emails, unless explicitly designed to do so.
Annotation: Test methods are marked with the @IsTest annotation.
Code Coverage: Salesforce requires a minimum of 75% code coverage by unit tests when deploying Apex code.
Running Tests: Tests can be executed in the Developer Console, Setup, Salesforce extensions for Visual Studio Code, or via the API.
Types of Tests: While this focuses on unit tests, other types include integration and end-to-end tests, which test different aspects of the application.
Best Practices: Writing effective unit tests involves various practices, such as using test data factories, avoiding hardcoded IDs, and focusing on covering all use cases.
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